Impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on brain development and function

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Neuroscience
• Toxicology

Background:

• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants.
• PFAS are recognized as significant neurotoxicants affecting all life stages.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the scientific evidence linking PFAS exposure to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological dysfunction.
• To elucidate the mechanisms underlying PFAS neurotoxicity.

Main Methods:

• Review of epidemiological studies on human populations.
• Analysis of animal studies investigating developmental exposure effects.
• Examination of molecular and cellular mechanisms of neurotoxicity.

Main Results:

• Prenatal PFAS exposure is linked to reduced IQ, increased ADHD and ASD diagnoses, and impaired development in children, with males more susceptible.
• Developmental exposure in animals disrupts neural development and causes behavioral abnormalities.
• In adults, PFAS impair brain function by disrupting calcium homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter systems.
• PFAS neurotoxicity involves neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, and endocrine disruption.

Conclusions:

• PFAS are potent neurotoxicants impacting brain development and function through interconnected pathways.
• Environmental persistence and bioaccumulation of PFAS necessitate exposure reduction strategies.
• Protecting neurological health requires minimizing human exposure, particularly during critical developmental windows.