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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Higher Baseline Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Inversely Associated With Incomplete Immune Reconstitution in HIV: A

Fang Liu1, Jianhua Yu2, Hongxin Zhao3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Xixi Hospital Biobank and Clinical Data Resource Center, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|June 26, 2026
PubMed

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Summary

Higher baseline triglyceride-glucose index (TYG) may predict a lower risk of incomplete immune reconstitution (IIR) in people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This finding could help identify individuals at lower risk for IIR.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Incomplete immune reconstitution (IIR) impacts 10%-40% of people living with HIV (PLWH) despite antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • IIR increases morbidity and mortality in PLWH.
  • The triglyceride-glucose index (TYG), a marker of insulin resistance, has not been extensively studied as a predictor of IIR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between baseline triglyceride-glucose index (TYG) and the long-term risk of incomplete immune reconstitution (IIR) in people living with HIV (PLWH).
  • To determine if TYG can serve as a predictive marker for IIR in PLWH receiving ART.

Main Methods:

  • A multicentre retrospective cohort study involving 11,076 PLWH from three Chinese HIV centers (2009-2020).
Keywords:
HIVIncomplete immune reconstitutionTYG

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

  • A 4-year landmark design was employed to analyze the data.
  • Incomplete immune reconstitution (IIR) was defined as CD4 count <350 cells/μL after >4 years of ART with sustained virological suppression. Center-stratified Cox models with time-varying effects were used to estimate hazard ratios for TYG.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher baseline TYG was significantly associated with a lower risk of IIR over a median follow-up of 7.74 years.
    • A trend towards a stronger inverse association over time was observed, with hazard ratios decreasing from year 5 to year 10.
    • The inverse association between TYG and IIR risk was more pronounced in younger participants, those with better baseline immune status, virological suppression, favorable lipid profiles, and higher hemoglobin levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Baseline TYG may serve as a valuable tool for risk stratification of incomplete immune reconstitution (IIR) in people living with HIV (PLWH).
    • Further research could explore the underlying mechanisms linking insulin resistance and immune reconstitution in PLWH.