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Updated: Jun 28, 2026
Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
Published on: December 3, 2019
Higher baseline triglyceride-glucose index is inversely associated with incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV: a
Fang Liu1, Jianhua Yu2, Hongxin Zhao3
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Xixi Hospital Biobank and Clinical Data Resource Center, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Objectives:
Incomplete immune reconstitution (IIR) affects 10-40% of people living with HIV (PLWH) despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), increasing morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether baseline triglyceride-glucose index (TYG), a marker of insulin resistance, predicts long-term IIR risk in PLWH.
Methods:
This multicentre retrospective cohort study analyzed 11076 PLWH from three Chinese HIV centers (2009-2020) using a 4-year landmark design. IIR was defined as CD4 <350 cells/μl after >4 years of ART with sustained virological suppression. Center-stratified Cox models with time-varying effects estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for TYG.
Results:
Over a median follow-up of 7.74 years, higher baseline TYG was associated with a lower risk of IIR. There was borderline evidence of a stronger inverse association over time (P = 0.080), with the HR decreasing from 0.795 (95% CI: 0.733-0.862) at year 5 to 0.733 (95% CI: 0.639-0.842) at year 10. Results remained robust across sensitivity analyses. The association was more pronounced in younger participants (<60 years), those with better baseline immune status (CD4 ≥200 cells/µl, WHO stage I/II), virological suppression, favorable lipid profiles, and higher hemoglobin levels.
Conclusions:
Baseline TYG may aid risk stratification for IIR in PLWH.