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Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Published on: December 23, 2022
Gender-linked variations in uropathogenic Escherichia coli identified by whole-genome sequencing
Ranim Reda1, Jame Tannous1, Sandra Haddad1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains from male and female patients exhibit distinct genomic and resistance profiles. Understanding these sex-based differences is crucial for targeted antimicrobial resistance surveillance and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genomics
- Antimicrobial Resistance
Background:
- Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and a significant driver of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
- Differences in UPEC isolates between male and female patients remain incompletely understood, impacting effective treatment and surveillance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comparatively analyze the genomic and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of UPEC isolates obtained from male and female patients.
- To identify sex-specific patterns in UPEC clonal lineages, resistance mechanisms, plasmid content, and virulence factors.
Main Methods:
- Whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and plasmid profiling were employed for 62 UPEC isolates (31 male, 31 female).
- Sequence typing, phylogroup classification, plasmid replicon typing, and screening for virulence and resistance genes were performed.
Main Results:
- High rates of antimicrobial resistance were observed, with 89% ESBL production and 27% carbapenem resistance (CRE).
- Male-associated UPEC frequently belonged to ST131, carrying specific resistance genes (blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr).
- Female-associated UPEC showed higher CRE rates, greater genomic diversity, and carried different resistance genes (blaNDM-5, blaOXA-48-like), alongside diverse plasmid types.
Conclusions:
- UPEC isolates demonstrate significant sex-based variations in genetic makeup, resistance profiles, and virulence factors.
- Male-associated UPEC linked to clonal, toxin-enriched lineages; female-associated UPEC exhibit higher genomic plasticity and diverse resistance mechanisms.
- Sex-based analysis is vital for AMR surveillance and developing tailored UTI treatment strategies.
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