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Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay
Published on: September 9, 2012
Physiological anticoagulant deficiencies: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical implications
Katarzyna Mayger1, Christelle Orlando2, Beverley J Hunt3
1Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Diagnostic Haemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Synnovis Analytics, London, UK.
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Deficiencies in physiological anticoagulants like antithrombin, protein C, and protein S increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Diagnosis involves functional and antigenic assays, facing challenges from therapy and variability.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Clinical Biochemistry
Background:
- Physiological anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C, protein S) are crucial for regulating blood coagulation.
- Deficiencies in these anticoagulants can lead to a prothrombotic state and increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of physiological anticoagulants and the implications of their deficiencies.
- To discuss the diagnostic approaches, challenges, and future directions for identifying anticoagulant deficiencies.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on physiological anticoagulants, their deficiencies, and diagnostic methods.
- Analysis of current laboratory diagnostic techniques including functional and antigenic assays.
- Consideration of genetic testing and emerging multi-gene panels.
Main Results:
- Antithrombin, protein C, and protein S have distinct anticoagulant mechanisms.
- Deficiencies can be inherited or acquired, impacting hemostasis.
- Current diagnostic assays (chromogenic, antigen) have limitations influenced by therapy and biological variability.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis of anticoagulant deficiencies is essential for managing VTE risk.
- Challenges in current diagnostic methods necessitate careful interpretation and consideration of clinical context.
- Future advancements, including genetic testing and multi-gene panels, promise more personalized diagnostic strategies.
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