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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Multi-brain neurofeedback: what are we training for?

Yafeng Pan1, Xiaojun Cheng2, Guillaume Dumas3

  • 1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development and Mental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Multi-brain neurofeedback can guide social interactions by real-time modulation of interpersonal neural dynamics. A hierarchical framework targets signal, functional, or system levels for therapeutic and pedagogical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Interaction
  • Neurofeedback

Background:

  • Social interactions involve complex interpersonal neural dynamics.
  • Real-time modulation of these dynamics is a frontier in neuroscience.
  • Neurofeedback offers a potential avenue for influencing social behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a hierarchical framework for multi-brain neurofeedback.
  • To define targets for neurofeedback within this framework: signal, functional, and system levels.
  • To explore the potential applications of this approach in therapy and education.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time capture and modulation of interpersonal neural dynamics.
  • Development of a hierarchical framework for neurofeedback targeting.
Keywords:
collective computationinterbrain plasticityinterbrain synchronymulti-brain neurofeedbackreal-world applicationsocial biofeedback

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Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
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Published on: January 20, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
10:51

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

  • Analysis of signal, functional, and system-level dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • A novel hierarchical framework for multi-brain neurofeedback is proposed.
    • The framework categorizes neurofeedback targets into signal, functional, and system levels.
    • Methodological challenges and potential applications are identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Multi-brain neurofeedback presents new possibilities for guiding social interaction.
    • The hierarchical framework provides a structured approach to targeting neural dynamics.
    • This technology holds promise for therapeutic and pedagogical interventions.