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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
12:23

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model

Published on: April 24, 2020

Synovial Fluid Cell Profiling Identifies Distinct Inflammatory Phenotypes in Late-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis and

Shigeru Tanaka1, Takahiro Sugiyama1,2, Shuhei Kameda1

  • 1Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.

ACR Open Rheumatology
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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This summary is machine-generated.

Distinguishing late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA) from polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is challenging. Synovial fluid analysis reveals distinct immune cell profiles, suggesting at least two inflammatory phenotypes in late-onset arthritis.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are difficult to differentiate, especially in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-negative cases.
  • Understanding synovial fluid immune cell profiles can aid in distinguishing these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize synovial fluid immune cell profiles in ACPA-positive LORA, ACPA-negative LORA, and PMR.
  • To explore unbiased patient stratification based on immune cell data.

Main Methods:

  • Synovial fluid was collected from 21 patients with ACPA-positive LORA, ACPA-negative LORA, or PMR.
  • Immune cell composition was analyzed using mass cytometry.
  • Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were employed for patient stratification.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
12:23

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model

Published on: April 24, 2020

Main Results:

  • ACPA-positive LORA showed neutrophil predominance, while PMR had a neutrophil-poor profile with more T and NK cells.
  • ACPA-negative LORA exhibited heterogeneity, with patients showing either neutrophil-rich or neutrophil-poor patterns.
  • Unsupervised clustering separated ACPA-positive LORA and PMR but not ACPA-negative LORA.

Conclusions:

  • Late-onset inflammatory arthritis presents at least two distinct synovial inflammatory phenotypes, not fully aligning with current diagnoses.
  • ACPA-negative LORA is a heterogeneous condition encompassing these inflammatory states.
  • Synovial fluid immunophenotyping can enhance classification and guide therapeutic strategies.