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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Programmable Spatial Demixing in Prebiotic Coacervates.

Zhichen Xiong1,2, Jie Wang3, Zhang Liu4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.

Nature Communications
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subtle molecular changes control protocell buoyancy and positioning in water. This stratification enhances molecular exchange and chemical complexity, crucial for early life evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • * Origin of life studies
  • * Physical chemistry
  • * Astrobiology

Background:

  • * Protocell stratification is vital for molecular exchange and chemical complexity.
  • * Achieving stratification under prebiotic conditions is challenging.
  • * Physical encounters between protocells are essential for evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate how minimal structural variations in amphiphiles affect protocoacervate buoyancy and stratification.
  • * To explore the role of environmental factors in modulating protocoacervate positioning.
  • * To elucidate the physicochemical mechanisms governing protocoacervate spatial organization and interaction.

Main Methods:

  • * Systematic tuning of amphiphile and small molecule parameters (isomers, alkyl-chain length, counterion).
  • * Observation of coacervate buoyancy and vertical migration in aqueous columns.
  • * Structural analysis of coacervate architecture and hydration properties.
  • * Investigation of temperature and concentration effects on droplet positioning.

Main Results:

  • * Minimal structural variations (isomers, chain length, counterion) dictate coacervate buoyancy and stratification.
  • * Coacervates can be tuned to reside in upper or lower aqueous phases.
  • * Hydration layer thickness and hydrophobic-to-hydrated ratio determine vertical positioning.
  • * Temperature changes dynamically modulate droplet position, inducing collisions and fusion.

Conclusions:

  • * Subtle molecular variations can encode spatial organization and interaction frequency in protocell-like systems.
  • * Physicochemical mechanisms govern protocell positioning and interaction in stratified environments.
  • * This study provides insights into how early life could achieve spatial organization and molecular exchange.