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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
Transition Zone01:28

Transition Zone

The transition zone in concrete is a critical area where aggregate meets cement paste, marked by a distinct porosity and weakness compared to the surrounding material. The adhesion around the aggregates is primarily due to Van Der Waals forces. The voids within this zone influence its robustness; initially, it is less durable than the surrounding bulk mortar due to larger voids. Initially, when concrete is compacted, a higher water-cement ratio near the aggregates leads to the formation of...
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Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

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Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
11:51

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Wear zone development characteristics and a discrete element method-based zonal quantification method for a

Bo Sun1,2, Shizhong Wei3,4, Xinwu Du5

  • 1School of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China. sunbo2020@haust.edu.cn.

Scientific Reports
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies ploughshare wear zones using a soil-ploughshare model. Increased tillage speed and depth worsen wear, while a steeper penetration angle reduces it, offering insights for optimizing agricultural tools.

Keywords:
Archard wearDiscrete element methodHigh-wear areaPloughshareTillage parametersZonal quantification

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Published on: February 27, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Soil Mechanics
  • Tribology

Background:

  • Ploughshare wear is a significant factor affecting agricultural machinery performance and longevity.
  • Understanding wear zone formation under varying tillage parameters is crucial for optimizing tool design and maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the formation and spatial expansion of ploughshare wear zones under different tillage parameters.
  • To investigate the effects of tillage speed, depth, and penetration angle on wear distribution.
  • To develop a zonal quantification method for wear assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Established a soil-ploughshare interaction model using the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with the Archard wear model in EDEM 2024.
  • Divided the ploughshare working surface into cutting, bearing, and diversion zones based on geometry and soil contact path.
  • Constructed indices like time-averaged high-wear area proportion, zonal expansion coefficient, and wear area development index (WADI).

Main Results:

  • Ploughshare wear exhibits time accumulation and spatial nonuniformity, initiating at the lower cutting edge and expanding along the soil particle sliding direction.
  • Increasing tillage speed (1.25 to 2.00 m/s) and depth (125 to 200 mm) significantly increases the overall high-wear area proportion.
  • A higher penetration angle (30° to 75°) reduces the overall high-wear area proportion, despite increased load fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • Tillage speed and depth promote wear expansion by increasing particle velocity, scouring frequency, soil contact volume, and area.
  • Penetration angle suppresses wear development by altering contact characteristics and soil flow paths.
  • The zonal quantification method provides a basis for optimizing wear-resistant structures and matching tillage parameters for improved ploughshare longevity.