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Decoding PANoptosis: Crosstalk of cell death pathways in immunity and inflammation

K Subashree1, Kannan Harithpriya1, Goutham V Ganesh1,2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, 603203, Kattankulathur, India.

Immunologic Research
|June 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

PANoptosis is a novel cell death pathway integrating apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis via the PANoptosome. This regulated cell death is crucial for immunity and homeostasis, offering therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • PANoptosis is an emerging regulated cell death (RCD) pathway.
  • It integrates apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis.
  • PANoptosis utilizes a multiprotein scaffold called the PANoptosome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of PANoptosis.
  • To discuss the molecular composition, triggers, and hallmarks of the PANoptosome.
  • To explore the dual roles and therapeutic opportunities of PANoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PANoptosis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms and pathways involved.
  • Discussion of clinical implications and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • PANoptosis ensures robust elimination of infected, damaged, or transformed cells.
  • It plays a critical role in immune defense, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.
  • PANoptosis has implications for infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • PANoptosis represents a conceptual shift in cell death biology.
  • It offers promising therapeutic avenues for inflammation-driven diseases.
  • Further research is needed for reliable biomarkers and precision-targeted strategies.
Keywords:
ApoptosisCell death pathwayInflammationNecroptosisPANoptosisPyroptosis

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