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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Implementing pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing in general practice: a qualitative process evaluation.

Lisa Brunton1, William Newman2,3, John McDermott2,3

  • 1Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. lisa.brunton@manchester.ac.uk.

Implementation Science Communications
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing shows promise in general practice, but implementation faces barriers like workload and research study constraints. Tailoring delivery helps, but wider integration into routine care is limited.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Implementation Science
  • Pharmacogenomics
  • General Practice Research

Background:

  • Adverse drug reactions cause poor patient outcomes and increase healthcare costs.
  • Pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing enhances medication safety and efficacy.
  • The PROGRESS study evaluates pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing in primary care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore barriers and enablers of implementing pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing in general practice.
  • To understand the clinician perspective on pharmacogenetic integration.
  • To assess the viability and utility of pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 29 online semi-structured interviews with 30 general practice staff.
  • Included 20 general practices across England participating in the PROGRESS study.
  • Utilized a modified framework approach for data analysis, informed by CFIR and NPT.

Main Results:

  • Clinicians recognized the value of pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing but selectively applied it.
  • Implementation was often limited to the research study scope, with minimal planning for routine practice.
  • Local tailoring of pharmacogenetics delivery facilitated implementation, while research study confines and workload posed barriers.

Conclusions:

  • General practice staff understood the benefits of pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing.
  • Wider practice engagement beyond staff awareness was minimal.
  • Pharmacogenetic integration was perceived as a research proof-of-concept rather than routine practice normalization.