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Root Cause Analysis In Ensuring Patients Safety: A Narrative Review
Malaika Irshad1, Saleema Begum2
1United Medical and Dental college.
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|June 27, 2026
Summary
Root-cause analysis, combined with safety practices, is key to preventing surgical errors and improving patient safety. A systems approach and teamwork are vital for better healthcare outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Quality and Safety
- Surgical Patient Care
- Medical Error Prevention
Background:
- Patient safety is defined as the absence of preventable harm during healthcare delivery.
- Understanding common surgical errors is crucial for implementing safety measures and improving surgical outcomes.
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify effective patient safety strategies in surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the critical role of root-cause analysis (RCA) in enhancing patient safety within surgical specialties.
- To review various methodologies and protocols aimed at surgical error prevention.
- To emphasize the importance of a systematic approach to patient safety.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Focused on surgical safety protocols, RCA, failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), and incident reporting.
- Included pre-procedure verifications, structured checklists, and multidisciplinary team reviews.
Main Results:
- Root-cause analysis, when integrated with robust safety practices, forms the bedrock of surgical error prevention.
- System-based approaches, effective teamwork, and communication are fundamental to improving patient safety.
- Various complementary methodologies support the implementation of safety protocols.
Conclusions:
- Root-cause analysis is indispensable for enhancing patient safety in surgical settings.
- Sustainable improvements in healthcare quality necessitate a system-based approach and strong interdisciplinary collaboration.
- Effective implementation of safety protocols directly contributes to reducing preventable harm in patients.
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