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Passive Blood-Plasma Separation via Constriction-Expansion Geometry in Untreated Paper Microfluidic Devices.

Nithya Murugesan¹, Avinash Kumar¹, Doss Aristotle¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.

Journal of Separation Science

|June 27, 2026

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This study introduces novel, reagent-free paper-based devices for efficient blood plasma separation. Geometric design enables point-of-care diagnostics without complex equipment or chemicals.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Microfluidics
Diagnostics

Background:

Plasma separation is crucial for clinical diagnostics but traditional methods like centrifugation are lab-dependent.
Existing paper-based devices often require membranes or reagents, increasing complexity and cost.
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics demand simple, low-cost, and field-deployable solutions for blood processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and develop membrane- and reagent-free paper-based microfluidic devices for efficient blood plasma separation.
To achieve plasma separation solely through geometric control of microfluidic channels.
To validate the performance and reliability of the developed devices for POC applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices with constriction-expansion pathways and hydrophobic barriers.

Keywords:

blood‐plasma separation constriction–expansion paper‐based microfluidic devices point‐of‐care diagnostics protein analysis

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Utilizing capillary action and geometric design for selective red blood cell trapping and plasma wicking.

Developing analytical and numerical models to understand blood rheology and capillary transport mechanisms.

Validating separated plasma quality through protein analysis (albumin).

Main Results:

Achieved consistent plasma separation with a maximum efficiency of approximately 64% using optimized geometric designs.
Demonstrated successful red blood cell trapping and plasma wicking through structural design alone.
Analytical and numerical simulations provided insights into the underlying separation mechanisms.
Protein analysis confirmed the integrity of the separated plasma, comparable to clinical lab results.

Conclusions:

Developed a simple, low-cost, equipment- and chemical-free strategy for blood plasma separation using paper-based microfluidics.
The proposed devices offer a viable solution for point-of-care diagnostics by simplifying blood preprocessing.
Geometric design alone is sufficient for effective plasma separation, preserving analyte integrity.