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The Association Between Physical Activity and Epigastric Pain: A Mendelian Randomization and Cross-Sectional Study
Zhongcao Wei1,2,3,4, Qian Yang1,2,3,4, Yujie Hao1,2,3,4
1Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China, xjtu.edu.cn.
Background:
The relationship between physical activity (PA) and epigastric pain is not well established. This study uniquely combined Mendelian randomization (MR) for causal inference with a cross-sectional analysis for epidemiological validation.
Methods:
We performed an MR analysis using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary method. For the cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), categorizing PA (leisure-time, occupational, and transportation) according to U.S.
Results:
Genetically predicted walking for pleasure was inversely associated with epigastric pain (IVW OR = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.948-0.985, P = 3.912 × 10-4). A cross-sectional analysis revealed contrasting domain-specific effects: occupation-related PA meeting guidelines (≥ 150 min/week) increased the risk of epigastric pain (OR: 1.271, 95% CI: 1.119-1.443, P = 0.0002), while sufficient leisure-time PA (≥ 300 minutes/week) was protective (OR: 0.822, 95% CI: 0.693-0.976, P = 0.0253). Transportation-related and total PA showed no significant associations in fully adjusted models.
Conclusions:
The integration of genetic and observational evidence demonstrates that the effect of PA on epigastric pain is context-dependent. Leisure-time PA is protective, whereas occupation-related PA may increase risk. These findings highlight the context-dependent role of PA in gastrointestinal health.
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