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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
08:12

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Published on: August 8, 2017

Optimal Organelle Inheritance Strategies Under Different Changing Environments and Mutational Pressures.

Belén García-Pascual1, Jan M Nordbotten1, Iain G Johnston1,2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|June 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organelle DNA (oDNA) maintenance involves tradeoffs between adapting to environmental changes and purifying against mutations. Optimal strategies for oDNA inheritance, leakage, and bottlenecks depend on specific cellular challenges.

Keywords:
changing environmentsinheritancemitochondriamutationorganelle DNAplastids

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA (mtDNA and cpDNA) are crucial for cellular function and exist at high copy numbers (ploidy).
  • Organelle DNA (oDNA) maintenance requires balancing mutation mitigation with adaptation to environmental demands.
  • Eukaryotic oDNA inheritance varies (maternal, paternal, doubly-uniparental inheritance [DUI]) with differing parental leakage, alongside developmental bottlenecks and repair mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fitness consequences of different oDNA inheritance and maintenance strategies.
  • To explore tradeoffs between adaptation and purifying selection under varying environmental and mutational pressures.
  • To model the impact of leakage and bottleneck size on oDNA dynamics in the absence of nuclear gene interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mathematical modeling and computer simulations.
  • Investigated various scenarios of mutation rates and environmental selection changes.
  • Analyzed the effects of different leakage extents and bottleneck sizes.

Main Results:

  • Identified a fundamental tradeoff between maintaining heteroplasmy for adaptation and purifying selection against deleterious mutants.
  • Demonstrated that specific combinations of leakage and bottleneck size optimize oDNA strategies under distinct challenges.
  • Found that non-minimal bottleneck sizes are universally observed, reflecting a balance between repair/ploidy and segregation.

Conclusions:

  • oDNA inheritance and maintenance strategies are shaped by evolutionary tradeoffs.
  • The optimal strategy for oDNA management is context-dependent, influenced by environmental factors and mutation rates.
  • Observed biological behaviors, such as DUI and bottleneck sizes, align with model predictions regarding adaptation and mutation control.