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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Inducing Targeted Mild Hyperthermia in Murine Tumor Models through Photothermal Conversion of Near-infrared Light by Intratumoral Gold Nanorods
09:23

Inducing Targeted Mild Hyperthermia in Murine Tumor Models through Photothermal Conversion of Near-infrared Light by Intratumoral Gold Nanorods

Published on: October 10, 2025

Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Targeting STAT3 Reprograms Neutrophils to Amplify Anti-Tumor Immunity

Hui Chen1, Shushan Zhang2, Danni Yang1

  • 1Department of Ultrasound, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|June 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Incomplete radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver cancer activates immunosuppressive cells. A novel hydrogel delivers icaritin (ICT) to block this pathway, enhancing RFA efficacy and reducing recurrence.

Keywords:
hepatocellular carcinomahydrogelicaritinradiofrequency ablationtumor‐associated neutrophils

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Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors
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Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

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Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors
07:16

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

Published on: March 7, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research
  • Immunotherapy
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often leads to recurrence due to residual tumors and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Incomplete RFA activates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), promoting an immunosuppressive phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a localized drug delivery system for icaritin (ICT) to overcome post-ablation barriers and enhance RFA efficacy for HCC.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of ICT and a PD-L1 inhibitor delivered via hydrogel for treating residual HCC and liver metastases.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an injectable, in situ-gelling hydrogel (HP@ICT) for sustained ICT release.
  • In vitro assessment of ICT's effect on TANs and STAT3 phosphorylation.
  • In vivo evaluation of HP@ICT's efficacy in suppressing immunosuppressive TANs, reducing PMN-MDSCs, and promoting CD8+ T cell infiltration.
  • Combination therapy with ICT and a PD-L1 inhibitor delivered via hydrogel post-RFA.
  • Multi-omics analyses to elucidate ICT's mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • HP@ICT effectively inhibited TAN survival and migration, reversed immunosuppression by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation, and enabled sustained ICT release.
  • In vivo studies showed HP@ICT suppressed immunosuppressive TANs, reduced PMN-MDSCs, and increased CD8+ T cell activity without systemic toxicity.
  • Combined ICT and PD-L1 inhibitor hydrogel therapy synergistically eliminated residual tumors and metastases by inducing systemic anti-tumor immunity.
  • ICT was found to inhibit PD-L1 expression in TANs, disrupt TAN-tumor adhesion, and suppress unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hydrogel system provides a safe and effective method for localized ICT delivery, optimizing RFA efficacy for HCC.
  • This strategy, integrating accessible materials with RFA, offers a translational solution to combat HCC recurrence and induce systemic anti-tumor immunity.