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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Targeting Inflammation in Obesity and the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Spectrum: A Narrative Review
Afsaneh Noormandi1, Heiko Bugger2, Faisal Aziz1
1Cardiometabolic Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Obesity Facts
|June 27, 2026
Summary
New therapies targeting inflammation are revolutionizing the treatment of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. These approaches, including metabolic and direct anti-inflammatory agents, offer combined benefits for obesity and CKM disease management.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Immunology
Background:
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome links obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- Chronic low-grade inflammation is a key factor connecting metabolic dysfunction to heart, kidney, and vascular damage.
- Pharmacologic strategies targeting inflammation are crucial for managing CKM spectrum diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review major pharmacologic strategies targeting inflammatory pathways in obesity and CKM spectrum diseases.
- To discuss metabolic therapies with indirect anti-inflammatory effects.
- To explore targeted immunomodulatory agents for CKM management.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of current literature.
- Summarization of pharmacologic interventions.
- Analysis of therapies targeting inflammatory pathways.
Main Results:
- Metabolic medications (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors) show cardiovascular and renal benefits beyond glycemic control.
- Nutrient-Stimulated Hormone (NuSH) therapies and SGLT2 inhibitors modulate inflammation and support cardiometabolic health.
- Direct anti-inflammatory treatments (e.g., IL-1β/IL-6 inhibition, colchicine) establish inflammation as a modifiable risk factor.
- Liver-targeted therapies (resmetirom, FGF21 analogues, pan-PPAR agonists) highlight the liver-adipose axis role in metabolic inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Combined metabolic and anti-inflammatory therapies represent a significant advancement in treating CKM.
- These approaches may revolutionize CKM prevention and treatment, enabling personalized medicine for obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases.
- Further research is needed to optimize therapy initiation, patient selection, and combination strategies for altering disease progression.
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