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Published on: February 3, 2023
Freeze-dried chocolate as a one-bite carrier for calcium, magnesium and vitamin D3: uniform codelivery with enhanced
Qianqian Li1, Lu Yang1, Ting Xu1
1College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Abstract:
Vitamin D deficiency persists worldwide, exacerbating Ca loss and Mg inadequacy. Current supplements suffer from vitamin D3 (VD3) photolability, mineral segregation, and poor bioavailability. In this study, oil-in-water freeze-dried chocolate was developed for the simultaneous delivery of insoluble Ca, soluble Mg, and lipid-soluble VD3. Cryo-EDS, ICP-MS and HPLC revealed homogeneous distributions of Mg in the aqueous phase, VD3 in the oil droplets and Ca throughout the matrix. The medium formula (16.4 g/kg Ca, 8.2 g/kg Mg, and 926 μg/kg VD3) delivered excellent emulsion stability, rheological performance, and acceptable sensory and purchase intention scores. The stability of lipid-encapsulated VD3 markedly increased in the presence of heat, oxidation and UV. In 0.1 M HCl, >88.9% of each nutrient disintegrated within 10 min. In the simulated gastrointestinal fluid, Ca showed a burst release, whereas Mg and VD3 provided sustained release. This shelf-stable, palatable one-bite system resolves multinutrient incompatibility through colloidal structuring, demonstrating strong potential for functional foods and precision nutrition applications.
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