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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Published on: August 12, 2013

A High-Humidity-Tolerant Electrolyte for High-Voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Kewang Yang1, Dong Yang1, Enqi Li1

  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a humidity-tolerant electrolyte for lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). This new electrolyte enhances high-voltage performance and reduces manufacturing costs by tolerating moisture, a key challenge in battery production.

Keywords:
electrode‐electrolyte interphasehigh‐humidity‐toleranthigh‐voltagelithium–metal batteriesperfluorooctyltriethoxysilane

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density but face challenges like electrolyte decomposition at high voltages (>4.4 V) and lithium dendrite growth.
  • Advanced electrolytes are often hygroscopic, necessitating stringent drying during manufacturing, which increases complexity and cost.
  • Interfacial instability and electrolyte decomposition hinder the practical deployment of high-voltage LMBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a humidity-tolerant, high-voltage electrolyte for lithium-metal batteries.
  • To address challenges associated with electrolyte decomposition, lithium dendrite growth, and interfacial instability.
  • To reduce manufacturing complexity and cost by alleviating stringent humidity control requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTS) as a co-solvent into fluorinated carbonates.
  • Utilizing the weak solvation of PFOTS with Li+ to form a hydrophobic shield for water scavenging and suppressing LiPF6 hydrolysis.
  • Analyzing the preferential decomposition of PFOTS to form a robust electrode-electrolyte interphase.

Main Results:

  • Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells demonstrated 90% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 4.4 V and 87% after 400 cycles at 4.7 V.
  • Cells with 0.5 vol% added water maintained 80% retention after 150 cycles, showcasing significant humidity tolerance.
  • The developed electrolyte suppressed LiPF6 hydrolysis and formed a stable electrode-electrolyte interphase.

Conclusions:

  • The novel PFOTS-based electrolyte system significantly enhances the high-voltage performance of LMBs.
  • This electrolyte alleviates stringent humidity control requirements during manufacturing, paving the way for scalable and cost-effective production.
  • The combination of humidity tolerance and high-voltage stability makes this electrolyte a promising advancement for next-generation energy storage devices.