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Multidimensional Factors Associated With Self-Reported TMD Symptom Burden in Young Adults With DC/TMD-Defined
Birol Onal1, Umit Erkut2, Sefa Unes3
1Ataturk University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Oral Diseases
|June 28, 2026
Summary
In young adults with myalgia, higher symptom burden in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) is linked to pain, neck disability, anxiety, and parafunctional habits. Muscle thickness showed an inverse relationship, suggesting complex contributing factors.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
- Pain Research
- Psychosomatic Medicine
Background:
- Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are complex conditions affecting masticatory muscles.
- Myalgia, a common TMD subtype, presents diagnostic challenges.
- Understanding factors influencing TMD symptom burden is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate multidimensional factors associated with self-reported TMD symptom burden.
- To assess symptom burden using the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) in young adults with myalgia.
- To identify clinical, psychosocial, and ultrasonographic predictors of TMD symptom burden.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 104 young adults diagnosed with myalgia per DC/TMD criteria.
- Assessment of TMD symptom burden via the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI).
- Backward multiple linear regression analysis to identify significant variables.
Main Results:
- The model explained 53% of the variance in FAI scores.
- Positive associations found between FAI scores and activity-related pain, neck disability, anxiety, and parafunctional activities.
- Inverse association observed between FAI scores and right masseter muscle thickness.
Conclusions:
- TMD symptom burden in myalgia is influenced by functional pain, parafunctional behaviors, neck disability, anxiety, and masseter muscle thickness.
- A multidimensional approach is recommended for assessing TMD symptoms in individuals with myalgia.
- Further longitudinal studies with rigorous diagnostic designs are warranted.
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