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Related Concept Videos

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current passing...
Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control01:23

Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control

The addition of a hydrogen halide to 1,3-butadiene gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Since more substituted alkenes are more stable, the 1,4-adduct is expected to be the major product. However, the product distribution is strongly influenced by temperature; low temperature favors the 1,2-adduct, whereas the 1,4-adduct is predominant at high temperature.
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
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Interfacial Control in Cu-MXene Hybrids Enables Selective NOx-to-NH3 Electroconversion: A Critical Review.

Hafiz Muhammad Adeel Sharif1, Gechuanqi Pan2, Yuwei Wang1

  • 1Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical conversion of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to ammonia (NH3) offers a sustainable route for pollution control and chemical production. Cu-MXene hybrids show promise for selective NOx-to-NH3 conversion by controlling interfacial properties.

Keywords:
Cu‐catalystsMXenesNH3 synthesisNOx reductionelectrocatalysis

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Published on: July 25, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are pollutants that can be electrochemically converted to valuable ammonia (NH3).
  • Challenges include competing hydrogen evolution (HER), byproduct formation (N2/N2O), and catalyst instability.
  • Cu-MXene hybrids offer tunable interfaces for controlled adsorption, electron transfer, and proton activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review interfacial control strategies for Cu-MXene catalysts in selective NOx-to-NH3 electroconversion.
  • To analyze performance metrics, reactor designs, and reaction mechanisms.
  • To outline design rules and scale-up priorities for practical NOx upcycling.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive analysis of literature on Cu-MXene hybrids for NOx electroreduction.
  • Quantification of performance using device-relevant metrics (Faradaic efficiency, NH3 yield, energy efficiency, durability, selectivity).
  • Emphasis on in situ/operando methods for mechanistic investigation.

Main Results:

  • Cu speciation and MXene terminations/defects are key to controlling catalytic activity and selectivity.
  • Flow-cell and gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) configurations enhance mass transport and stability.
  • Interfacial engineering enables selective NOx-to-NH3 conversion, mitigating HER and byproduct formation.

Conclusions:

  • Cu-MXene hybrids are promising catalysts for selective NOx electroconversion to NH3.
  • Reactor design and mechanistic understanding are crucial for optimizing performance and durability.
  • This review provides a roadmap for advancing NOx upcycling into green ammonia.