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Related Concept Videos

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in the...
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals
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Published on: November 22, 2021

Unlocking Strength-Toughness Dilemma in High-Entropy Borides by Intragranular Microstructural Reconstruction.

Yingjun Liu1,2, Yuhan Yao1, Yufei Zu3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-entropy boride ceramics can now overcome the strength-toughness trade-off. An extreme non-equilibrium process creates intragranular energy dissipation units, enhancing fracture toughness for ultra-high-temperature applications.

Keywords:
high‐entropy boridesinterdiffusionmechanical propertiesnon‐equilibrium sinteringstrengthening and toughening

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Ceramics Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • High-entropy boride ceramics offer potential for ultra-high-temperature applications.
  • These materials suffer from a significant strength-toughness trade-off, limiting their use.
  • Existing toughening methods provide insufficient improvements due to inherent brittle fracture tendencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the strength-toughness trade-off in high-entropy boride ceramics.
  • To develop an intrinsic toughening strategy by engineering intragranular features.
  • To achieve high performance through an extreme non-equilibrium sintering process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized heavy direct current sintering with TiSi2 addition.
  • Achieved high densification (>93% relative density) at 1000°C.
  • Employed an ultrahigh heating rate exceeding 5300°C/min.

Main Results:

  • Formed intragranular energy dissipation units through selective cation diffusion.
  • Created compositional gradients and dislocation networks within grains.
  • Achieved a flexural strength of 887 MPa and fracture toughness of 7.1 MPa·m^1/2.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a novel approach for intrinsic toughening of high-entropy ceramics.
  • Intragranular microstructural engineering effectively hinders crack propagation.
  • The developed method offers a viable pathway for advanced ultra-high-temperature structural materials.