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Restructuring Crisis Response Programs as Civilian-Led: A Scoping Review
Megan W Rowe1,2, Allannah Nguyen2, Leyna Lowe3
1Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Administration and Policy in Mental Health
|June 28, 2026
Summary
Civilian-led crisis response teams offer alternatives to police intervention for mental health emergencies. These teams aim to improve safety and care outcomes by focusing on community-based, specialized approaches.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Mental Healthcare Delivery
- Crisis Intervention
Background:
- Police-led crisis response models have limitations in addressing mental health emergencies.
- Emerging civilian-led crisis response teams offer potential improvements in safety, trust, and care outcomes.
- There is a growing need for alternatives to traditional police involvement in mental health crises.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the development, implementation, and outcomes of civilian-led crisis response models.
- To analyze how civilian-led teams address the harms associated with police responses to mental health crises.
- To identify key processes and themes in the operation of civilian-led crisis response teams.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review of 46 reports was conducted.
- Covidence software was used for systematic searching by independent reviewers.
- Thematic content analysis using critical theories was applied to the dataset.
Main Results:
- Three key themes emerged: Decentering Police, Team Scope of Practice, and Team Sustainability.
- Decentering Police highlights the shift away from police-involved interventions and the creation of distinct team compositions.
- Team Scope of Practice addresses dispatch logistics and response criteria, while Team Sustainability examines factors influencing program longevity.
Conclusions:
- Civilian-led crisis response teams represent a significant shift in mental healthcare delivery during emergencies.
- These models are crucial for addressing the harms of policing in mental health crises.
- The success of civilian-led teams depends on factors like team composition, operational scope, and sustained social and political support.
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