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Harnessing Regulatory T Cells to Modulate Acute Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Therapy
Junaid Ansari1,2, Sarvin Sasannia3,4, Mykola Matsyuk5
1Neurocritical Care Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. junaid.ansari@lsuhs.edu.
Molecular Neurobiology
|June 28, 2026
Summary
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) mitigate neuroinflammation and promote brain repair after acute brain injury. Harnessing Tregs offers promising therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Neuroinflammation is central to acute brain injuries like stroke and TBI.
- Effector T cells worsen brain damage, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) offer protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of Treg function in the CNS.
- To explore Treg-mediated neuroprotection and functional recovery.
- To highlight therapeutic strategies targeting Tregs for acute neuroinflammatory diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on Tregs in CNS injury.
- Analysis of Treg interactions with microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells.
- Examination of Treg-mediated immunosuppression and tissue repair.
Main Results:
- Tregs suppress detrimental effector T cell responses.
- Tregs promote neuroprotection, blood-brain barrier integrity, and inflammation resolution.
- Tregs modulate CNS-resident cells to support functional recovery.
Conclusions:
- Tregs play a critical role in mitigating neuroinflammation and promoting recovery after acute brain injury.
- Therapeutic strategies like IL-2 therapy, exosome-based treatments, and chemokine-directed trafficking show promise.
- Tregs represent a key target for future neuroinflammatory disease therapies.
