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Serologic Activity and Gluten-Free Diet Adherence Are Associated With Sleep Disturbances in Paediatric Coeliac

Gül Çirkin1, Necla Gülçek2, Özhan Orhan3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Mardin Training and Research Hospital, Mardin, Turkey.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|June 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children with coeliac disease (CD) experience more sleep disturbances, especially with poor gluten-free diet adherence. Higher serologic activity in CD patients correlates with increased sleep issues, impacting daytime functioning.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
  • Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as a potential comorbidity in chronic childhood conditions.
  • The impact of CD on sleep quality and its relationship with disease activity requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sleep disturbances in children diagnosed with coeliac disease.
  • To examine the association between sleep disturbances and serologic markers of CD activity.
  • To investigate the correlation between adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and sleep quality in pediatric CD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 203 children with biopsy-confirmed CD and 100 healthy controls.
  • Sleep disturbances were assessed using the validated Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC).
  • Dietary adherence was evaluated based on tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) levels.

Main Results:

  • Children with CD exhibited significantly higher total SDSC scores compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • Elevated scores in sleep initiation, maintenance, daytime sleepiness, and transition disorders were observed in the CD group (p < 0.001).
  • Poor GFD adherence and higher tTG-IgA levels were significantly associated with increased sleep disturbance severity and specific sleep domains.

Conclusions:

  • Children with coeliac disease experience significantly more sleep disturbances than their healthy peers.
  • Poor adherence to a gluten-free diet and elevated serologic activity are linked to worse sleep outcomes in pediatric CD.
  • Further longitudinal research is warranted to understand the clinical implications of sleep disturbances in coeliac disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrencoeliac diseasesleep disturbance scale for childrentTG‐IgA

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