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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

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Optimization of Respiratory Training Methods for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Zepeng Ma^1,2, Xiaodan Zhang³, Gaoyang Li¹

¹Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University/Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, China.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI

|June 29, 2026

Summary

Using a nose clip significantly improves breath-holding in cardiac MRI, leading to better image quality. This simple technique enhances patient performance and reduces motion artifacts for clearer cardiac imaging.

Keywords:

breath‐holding effect cardiac magnetic resonance image quality respiratory training

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Imaging
Medical Physics
Radiology

Background:

Poor breath-holding in cardiac MRI compromises image quality.
The impact of various breath-holding techniques on cardiac MRI quality is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of different breath-holding methods in improving cardiac MRI image quality.
To identify the optimal breath-holding technique for minimizing respiratory motion artifacts.

Main Methods:

Prospective study involving 93 patients undergoing cardiac MRI at 3T.
Patients were divided into three groups: mouth-breathing, nasal-breathing, and nose-clip.
Image quality was assessed using respiratory-gated monitoring, examination duration, and subjective/objective evaluations.

Main Results:

The nose-clip group demonstrated a significantly higher probability of good breath-holding (96.7%) compared to mouth-breathing (64.5%) and nasal-breathing (75.0%) groups.
Myocardial and blood pool noise were significantly lower in the nose-clip group.
Subjective image quality scores were highest in the nose-clip group.

Conclusions:

Optimized respiratory training, particularly with a nose clip, enhances breath-holding performance in cardiac MRI.
The nose clip is the most effective method for reducing respiratory motion artifacts and improving image quality.
This technique offers a simple yet powerful strategy for better cardiac MRI outcomes.