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Updated: Jun 30, 2026
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy in adults with Sleep Disordered Breathing: Technique and the VOTE Classification System
J Dmowska1, W Hohenhorst2, M J L Ravesloot3
1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Summary
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) evaluates upper airway obstruction during sedation. The VOTE Classification system standardizes reporting of findings, aiding treatment decisions for conditions like sleep apnea.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Physiology
Background:
- Upper airway obstruction is a key factor in sleep-disordered breathing.
- Standardized assessment of airway collapse during sleep is crucial for effective treatment.
- Current methods for evaluating airway obstruction during sleep can be subjective.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the techniques of Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).
- To introduce and explain the VOTE Classification system for reporting DISE findings.
- To highlight the utility of DISE and the VOTE Classification in guiding treatment for upper airway obstruction.
Main Methods:
- Pharmacologic induction of unconscious sedation.
- Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of the pharynx.
- Application of the VOTE Classification system to categorize obstruction patterns.
Main Results:
- DISE provides a unique evaluation of the upper airway during induced sleep.
- The VOTE Classification offers a structured method to report airway obstruction patterns.
- Standardized reporting facilitates scientific evaluation and treatment planning.
Conclusions:
- DISE is a valuable tool for assessing upper airway obstruction.
- The VOTE Classification system provides a common language for DISE findings.
- Standardized DISE reporting can improve the scientific evaluation and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing.
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