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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
09:37

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2022

Overlapping Hyperpigmented and Poikilodermatous Mycosis Fungoides.

Joan Somja1, Arjen F Nikkels2

  • 1Department of Dermatopathology, CHU of Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium, ulg.ac.be.

Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details an unusual presentation of overlapping hyperpigmented and poikilodermatous mycosis fungoides (MF), a rare T-cell lymphoma. The findings emphasize the need for careful clinicopathologic correlation in diagnosing atypical pigmentary skin conditions.

Keywords:
cutaneous T-cell lymphomahyperpigmentationmycosis fungoidespoikiloderma

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
09:37

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (pCTCLs) are rare T-cell disorders, with mycosis fungoides (MF) being the most common subtype.
  • MF presents with various clinicopathologic variants, including poikilodermatous and hyperpigmented forms, which can sometimes overlap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of overlapping hyperpigmented and poikilodermatous MF.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical pigmentary presentations in MF.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 68-year-old male with a 25-year history of asymptomatic dark plaques.
  • Clinicopathologic correlation including histopathology, immunophenotypic studies, and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
  • Disease staging according to the TNM system.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with extensive, sharply demarcated confluent hyperpigmentation on the lower extremities and intergluteal fold, consistent with overlapping MF variants.
  • 18F-FDG PET/CT showed no systemic involvement but mild hypermetabolism in cutaneous lesions.
  • Histopathology revealed epidermotropic atypical lymphocytes, supporting MF diagnosis (Stage IB).

Conclusions:

  • The patient's presentation exceeded typical poikilodermatous MF, suggesting a significant overlap with the hyperpigmented variant.
  • A watch-and-wait strategy was adopted due to the indolent course and absence of extracutaneous disease.
  • This case underscores the importance of clinicopathologic correlation for diagnosing atypical MF presentations.