Burnout Among Pediatric Surgeons of Different Subspecialties Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Burnout among surgeons has become an increasing concern due to its impact on physician well-being, healthcare quality, and patient safety. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the global prevalence of burnout and examine variations according to burnout assessment tools and surgical subspecialties.

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to November 2025 for studies assessing burnout prevalence among pediatric surgeons and trainees, using validated tools such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) or alternatives. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. A single-arm meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence rates, with subgroup analyses based on the assessment tool.

Eighteen cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of burnout was 30% (95% CI: 21%-41%), with high heterogeneity (I² = 96.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed a lower burnout prevalence among studies using the MBI (23%, 95% CI: 16%-31%), compared to studies using other tools (50%, 95% CI: 25%-75%). Orthopedic subspecialty had the highest pooled burnout proportion at 42% with a very wide 95% CI of (3% to 94%). Urology had the lowest pooled rate at 26% with a 95% CI of (17% to 37%).

Burnout represents a significant issue among pediatric surgeons. These findings highlight the need for a proactive approach to recognize burnout in healthcare professionals and implement effective strategies for its prevention and management.