Immune-Inflammatory markers and heart failure incidence and mortality: a population-based longitudinal study

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Immunology
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Inflammation is a key factor in heart failure (HF) development and progression.
• Understanding immune-inflammatory markers can improve HF prediction and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare six immune-inflammatory indices for predicting HF incidence and mortality.
• To identify the most effective biomarker for HF risk stratification.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of UK Biobank data from over 400,000 participants.
• Assessment of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), inflammatory burden index (IBI), C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
• Evaluation of associations with incident HF and all-cause mortality in HF patients.

Main Results:

• Elevated SII, SIRI, AISI, IBI, and NLR correlated with increased HF risk.
• IBI demonstrated the strongest association with HF incidence (HR 1.86).
• Higher CALLY index was linked to reduced HF risk and improved survival in HF patients.
• IBI showed superior predictive accuracy for both HF incidence and mortality via ROC analysis.

Conclusions:

• Immune-inflammatory markers are significant predictors of HF incidence and prognosis.
• The inflammatory burden index (IBI) is the most robust biomarker for HF risk stratification.
• IBI can aid in primary and secondary prevention strategies for heart failure.