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Latest Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Comprehensive Review
Dunia Alhareth1, Alaaeddine El Ghazawi1, Sara Ajami2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, aubmc.org.lb.
Cardiology Research and Practice
|June 29, 2026
Summary
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) management involves medications, devices, and lifestyle changes. Corticosteroids help inflammation, but steroid-sparing drugs are alternatives. Device interventions and ablation address arrhythmias and heart failure in CS.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Immunology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a rare, serious manifestation of sarcoidosis.
- CS presents heterogeneously, complicating diagnosis and management.
- Potential complications include conduction blocks, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review management options for cardiac sarcoidosis.
- To discuss pharmacotherapy, device-based interventions, lifestyle modifications, and surgical options for CS.
- To highlight challenges in CS treatment, including interindividual variability and lack of strict guidelines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of CS management strategies.
- Analysis of pharmacotherapy, including corticosteroids and steroid-sparing agents.
- Evaluation of device-based interventions (pacemakers, ICDs) and ablation techniques.
- Consideration of lifestyle modifications and surgical approaches.
Main Results:
- Corticosteroids show efficacy in reducing CS inflammation and improving cardiac parameters.
- Steroid-sparing medications are viable alternatives due to corticosteroid side effects.
- Device interventions and ablation are effective for managing arrhythmias and heart failure in CS patients.
- Lifestyle modifications are important adjunctive treatments.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac sarcoidosis requires a multifaceted management approach.
- Treatment strategies must balance efficacy with potential side effects and patient variability.
- Further research is needed to establish standardized guidelines for CS management.
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