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Does Hypoglycemia During 50-g Glucose Challenge Test Adversely Affect Perinatal Outcomes?
Yıldız Akdas Reis1, Alperen Aksan1, Fahri Burcin Firatligil1
1Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health and Research Center Turkey, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey.
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
|June 29, 2026
Summary
Hypoglycemia during a 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) is linked to lower birth weight in newborns. Pregnant individuals with GCT hypoglycemia require close monitoring for potential adverse perinatal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neonatal Medicine
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Gestational diabetes screening commonly involves a 50-g oral glucose challenge test (GCT).
- Understanding outcomes associated with GCT results is crucial for prenatal care.
- Hypoglycemia during the GCT warrants further investigation into its perinatal implications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with hypoglycemia during the 50-g oral glucose challenge test (GCT).
- To compare perinatal results between pregnancies with and without GCT-induced hypoglycemia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort analysis of live births between 2015-2019.
- Defined GCT hypoglycemia as a first-hour glucose result below 88 mg/dL.
- Compared maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes between hypoglycemic and normoglycemic GCT groups.
Main Results:
- A total of 535 nulliparous women were included in the study.
- No significant differences were found in delivery timing, Apgar scores, mode of delivery, fetal sex, or NICU admission.
- Significantly lower birth weight was observed in the GCT hypoglycemia group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Hypoglycemia during the 50-g GCT is significantly associated with reduced birth weight.
- Pregnant women with GCT hypoglycemia (24-28 weeks gestation) may require closer monitoring.
- Consideration of high-risk pregnancy classification for women with GCT hypoglycemia is advised due to potential adverse outcomes.
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