Bioactive Natural Products in Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Thrombotic Events

Bioactive compounds derived from natural products (NPs) continue to attract considerable scientific interest due to their wide range of beneficial biological activities. This review examines the role of these compounds in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with particular emphasis on their involvement in thrombotic processes. Specifically, this review addresses whether bioactive NPs can serve as complementary therapeutic agents in preventing and modulating thrombotic events associated with CVD. Special attention is given to natural food sources with well-documented antithrombotic properties, as well as to current methodologies used for the processing, extraction, and isolation of their biologically active constituents. Furthermore, emerging evidence regarding the impact of chronic dietary intake of bioactive compounds on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of antithrombotic agents is discussed, including potential interactions with commonly prescribed anticoagulant drugs. The contribution of nutritional epigenetics to personalized strategies for CVD prevention and treatment-especially through gene-diet interactions-is also explored. In addition, the growing role of artificial intelligence in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel natural antithrombotic agents is highlighted within the context of recent technological advances. Overall, this review underscores the potential of NPs as integral components of innovative and complementary strategies for CVD management, primarily through their pronounced antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities.