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Crossing the Line: Factors Associated With Escalating Pornography Use
Melissa S de Roos1, Laura Willkomm1
1Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|June 29, 2026
Summary
Pornography consumption patterns reveal content escalation from mainstream to extreme or illegal material. This escalation, particularly in niche categories, is linked to increased risk, highlighting a critical area for intervention and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Criminology
- Sociology
Background:
- Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) offending has risen, potentially linked to pornography consumption escalation.
- Understanding content escalation pathways is crucial for addressing CSAM offending.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine patterns of pornography content escalation.
- To identify psychosocial predictors of escalation.
- To assess the association between escalation and CSAM engagement.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study with 228 non-clinical males.
- Analysis of self-reported arousal, viewing frequency, and content escalation.
- Principal component analysis to identify escalation clusters.
Main Results:
- Five content escalation clusters identified: Dominance/Degradation, Extreme/Harmful, Non-Traditional Niche, Normative, and Atypical.
- Mainstream content had highest absolute viewing and mean escalation.
- Relative escalation was disproportionately higher in extreme/niche categories (e.g., S&M, fetish, teen, group sex, violent content).
Conclusions:
- Pornography consumption often involves content escalation towards more extreme and niche material.
- Understanding these escalation patterns is vital for developing targeted interventions.
- Further research is needed to explore psychosocial predictors and causal links to CSAM engagement.
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