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The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

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Published on: February 21, 2025

Hormonal dimorphism in sarcopenia disease.

Romain Menard¹, Romain Madelaine¹

¹MDI Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.

|June 29, 2026

Summary

Sarcopenia, or age-related muscle loss, differs significantly between sexes due to hormonal variations. Understanding these sex-specific pathways is crucial for developing effective, personalized treatments for sarcopenia.

Keywords:

hormonal dimorphism muscle aging sarcopenia sex-stratified medicine sexual dimorphism

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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

Published on: December 14, 2011

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Endocrinology
Muscle Physiology

Background:

Sarcopenia affects over 60% of individuals over 80, posing a global health challenge.
Current sarcopenia treatments lack pharmacological options and assume universal pathophysiology.
Clinical outcomes show significant variability, suggesting underlying sex-specific differences in muscle aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sexual dimorphism in sarcopenia pathophysiology.
To analyze the roles of apelin, insulin, and oxytocin in sex-specific muscle aging.
To propose sex-stratified therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

Review of pathophysiological mechanisms of sarcopenia.
Focus on the hormonal regulatory network of apelin, insulin, and oxytocin.
Analysis of effects on satellite-cell dysfunction, proteostasis, stress, and inflammation.

Main Results:

Sarcopenia pathways differ fundamentally between men and women.
Women: Menopausal estrogen decline impacts apelin signaling, insulin resistance, and oxytocin function.
Men: Gradual deterioration linked to testosterone reduction; apelin is a biomarker in women, myostatin in men.

Conclusions:

Current sarcopenia therapies may be suboptimal due to sex-specific mechanisms.
Lack of sex-disaggregated research creates critical knowledge gaps.
Effective sarcopenia management requires understanding peptide-hormone deregulation and developing sex-stratified treatments.