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Interplay of Aquatic and Riparian Variables in Two Anthropogenically-Influenced Small Stream Catchments.

Alexander Feckler1,2, Sebastian Stehle3,4, Jean-Nicolas Beisel5

  • 1iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, 76829, Landau, Germany. alexander.feckler@rptu.de.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small streams are vital ecosystems but vulnerable to human activities. Monitoring in Germany revealed that agricultural and urban land use negatively impacts stream biodiversity and function due to multiple stressors.

Keywords:
Anthropogenic stressAquatic communitiesCatchmentLand usePesticidesRiparian habitats

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Freshwater Biology

Background:

  • Small streams are crucial for biodiversity and ecosystem functions globally.
  • Their high connectivity makes them vulnerable to landscape changes and biodiversity decline.
  • Understanding anthropogenic impacts is key to conserving these ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of diverse land use types on small stream ecosystems.
  • To analyze the relationship between environmental variables, stressors, and ecosystem health.
  • To identify key anthropogenic stressors affecting aquatic and riparian health.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a 4-year monitoring program (2018-2021) across 18 sites in southwest Germany.
  • Collected data on 26 environmental, biological, and anthropogenic stressor variables.
  • Employed ordination analysis and Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Near-natural upstream sites showed fewer impacts from stressors like pesticides and morphological alterations compared to downstream agricultural/urban sites.
  • Significant variations in biotic parameters (macroinvertebrates, fish, beetles) and leaf litter decomposition were observed.
  • FAMD grouped sites into four categories (forest, grassland, agriculture, viticulture) based on land use and stressors, revealing stressor co-occurrence.
  • Higher anthropogenic disturbance correlated with lower macroinvertebrate abundance/diversity and reduced decomposition rates.

Conclusions:

  • Small streams face multiple, often co-occurring, anthropogenic stressors.
  • These stressors negatively affect both aquatic and riparian ecosystem health.
  • Land use significantly influences the type and intensity of stressors and their ecological impact.