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Ultra-Sodiophilic Mixed Conductor Interphase Enabling Uniform Top Deposition for Quasi-Solid-State Sodium-Metal
Chunching Lu1, Guangxiang Zhang1, Yuxiang Niu2
1State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
Nano-Micro Letters
|June 29, 2026
Summary
This study introduces an ultra-sodiophilic interphase for quasi-solid-state sodium-metal batteries (QSMBs), enabling dendrite-free sodium deposition and enhancing battery lifespan and safety. The novel approach ensures stable operation and improved performance in QSMBs.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Quasi-solid-state sodium-metal batteries (QSMBs) face challenges with artificial solid electrolyte interphases, including limited ion conductivity and poor interfacial durability.
- Unstable sodium plating/stripping kinetics and low polymer electrolyte liquidity hinder the lifespan and safety of QSMBs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an ultra-sodiophilic interphase that promotes uniform sodium deposition and enhances interfacial stability in QSMBs.
- To investigate a surface-induced "top" sodium deposition mechanism for dendrite-free anode operation.
- To improve the cycling performance and safety of QSMBs.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of an ionic/electronic mixed conductor interphase with embedded Na3Sb alloy.
- Electrochemical characterization of Na||Na symmetric cells and QSMBs with modified anodes.
- Analysis of sodium deposition kinetics and interfacial integrity using surface-induced deposition mechanisms.
Main Results:
- The Na3Sb alloy phase significantly accelerates interfacial ion diffusion and nucleation kinetics, leading to smooth and compact sodium deposition.
- Na||Na symmetric cells achieved an ultra-long cycling lifespan of 1000 hours at 0.5 mA cm⁻² with a low overpotential of 40 mV.
- QSMBs demonstrated excellent cycling stability (74.1% capacity retention after 9000 cycles at 2C) and superior rate capability (91.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 5C).
Conclusions:
- The developed interphase facilitates fast, dendrite-free sodium deposition and ensures stable solid electrolyte interphase formation.
- The study provides mechanistic insights into regulating sodium deposition for high-performance QSMBs.
- This work offers practical strategies for advancing the development of safe and long-lasting QSMBs.
