Multifunctional in Vitro Biological Activities of Mixed Light Rare Earth Oxides: Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory and...

Light rare earth oxides (LREEs), such as cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium oxides, have unique redox and catalytic properties that may contribute to various therapeutic effects. Researchers in this study looked at LREEs' in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritic, and cytotoxic effects. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl (OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) radical scavenging assays, showing a moderate inhibitory effect compared to ascorbic acid. Enzyme inhibition assays indicated weak AChE inhibition, suggesting limited anti-Alzheimer's disease potential. Moderate anti-arthritic effects were observed through inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase activity. In anti-diabetic assays, LREEs dose-dependently inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, although less potent than acarbose. Cytotoxicity testing on HepG2 cancer cells showed an IC₅₀ of 281.80 µg/mL, significantly higher than doxorubicin (34.07 µg/mL), indicating weak anticancer potential. Elevated Caspase-3 levels and diminished Bcl-2 levels indicate the initiation of apoptosis. These results indicate that LREEs oxide exhibits adequate biological activity, warranting further exploration of its mechanisms and potential biomedical applications. The investigated material was evaluated as a mixed light rare earth oxide system to obtain an integrated biological response profile rather than to determine the contribution of individual oxide components. Therefore, the present findings represent system-level biological behaviour and serve as a foundation for more detailed component-specific investigations. The investigated material was evaluated as a mixed light rare earth oxide system to obtain an integrated biological response profile rather than to determine the contribution of individual oxide components. Therefore, the present findings represent system-level biological behaviour and serve as a foundation for more detailed component-specific investigations.