Plant-derived extracellular vesicles for drug delivery: current and future

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology and Nanomedicine
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Plant Science

Background:

• Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are gaining attention as drug delivery vehicles.
• They offer advantages like low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and cross-kingdom delivery.
• PDEVs naturally contain bioactive compounds and are stable in gastrointestinal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the structure-property-function relationships of PDEVs for drug delivery.
• To compare drug loading strategies and evaluation methods for PDEVs.
• To summarize PDEV applications and propose a framework for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of literature on PDEVs in drug delivery.
• Analysis of PDEV structure, properties, and functions.
• Comparison of various drug loading techniques and evaluation approaches.
• Summary of PDEV applications in therapy, vaccines, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.

Main Results:

• PDEVs exhibit favorable characteristics for drug delivery, including biocompatibility and stability.
• Engineered loading technologies and composite systems enhance PDEV drug delivery capabilities.
• PDEV-based systems have demonstrated potential in disease treatment, vaccine development, and cosmetic/nutraceutical applications.

Conclusions:

• PDEVs represent a promising platform for developing advanced drug delivery systems.
• Further research and an evaluation framework are needed to facilitate their clinical translation.
• PDEVs offer a versatile and effective approach for various therapeutic and commercial applications.