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Related Concept Videos

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
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Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
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Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
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Published on: May 2, 2025

Antibiotic-Induced Manic Episodes: Clinical Recognition, Mechanistic Pathways, and Management.

Enoch Chi Ngai Lim1, Chi Eung Danforn Lim2,1,3

  • 1Translational Research Department, Specialist Medical Services Group, Earlwood, AUS.

Cureus
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic-induced manic episodes are rare but important adverse drug reactions. Prompt recognition and antibiotic review are key for managing these neuropsychiatric events.

Keywords:
antibiomaniaantibiotic-associated maniaantibiotic-induced manic episodesantimicrobial neuropsychiatric toxicitygut-brain axis

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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Published on: August 30, 2018

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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotic-induced manic episodes are uncommon adverse drug reactions.
  • These episodes can be misdiagnosed as primary bipolar disorder or delirium.
  • Clinical recognition, mechanisms, and management require synthesis of current evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on antibiotic-induced manic episodes.
  • Emphasis on clinical recognition, plausible mechanisms, and management strategies.
  • To provide verified sequential citations for further research.

Main Methods:

  • Targeted narrative review and reference-verification process.
  • Searches conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and regulatory communications.
  • Evidence synthesized narratively due to the predominance of case reports and reviews.

Main Results:

  • Macrolides (clarithromycin), fluoroquinolones, and antitubercular drugs are frequently implicated.
  • Rapid onset of symptoms including insomnia, pressured speech, and euphoria is common.
  • Most cases resolve upon antibiotic discontinuation, with severe cases needing symptomatic treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Consider antibiotic-induced manic episodes in patients with new manic or psychotic symptoms during or after antimicrobial therapy.
  • Management involves medication review, potential antibiotic substitution, and symptomatic psychiatric treatment.
  • Pharmacovigilance reporting is crucial for understanding these adverse events.