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Related Concept Videos

Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

From Therapeutic Heterogeneity to Precision Neuromodulation: Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Chronic Insomnia.

Wu-Lan Ao1,2, Zheng Liu1,2, Zi-Yi Zhao1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.

Nature and Science of Sleep
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) shows promise for chronic insomnia by modulating brain activity. However, current evidence is limited, necessitating further research for reliable precision neuromodulation.

Keywords:
insomnianon-invasive brain stimulationtranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS)

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High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep
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High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep
09:23

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Chronic insomnia impairs daily function and increases health risks.
  • Established treatments like CBT-I and pharmacotherapy have limitations.
  • Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) offers a potential alternative by modulating brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on NIBS for chronic insomnia.
  • To examine therapeutic heterogeneity and propose a precision neuromodulation framework.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of studies on rTMS, tDCS, tACS, and taVNS for chronic insomnia.
  • Analysis of stimulation targets, parameters, patient phenotypes, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • NIBS shows potential for improving subjective sleep quality and some objective sleep parameters.
  • Evidence is limited by small sample sizes, variable study designs, and short follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • NIBS holds translational promise for chronic insomnia treatment.
  • Methodological improvements are needed for reliable precision neuromodulation.