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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Genetic Risk Factors for Kidney Function in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes.

Christine P Limonte1,2, Xiaoyu Gao3, Delnaz Roshandel4

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for kidney function and albuminuria in the general population are associated with kidney measures in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. This suggests shared genetic factors for kidney disease between T1D and the general population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Kidney disease in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has complex genetic underpinnings.
  • Understanding these genetic factors is crucial for predicting and managing diabetic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if polygenic risk scores (PRS) for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, established in the general population, are associated with kidney outcomes in adults with T1D.
  • To explore shared and distinct genetic risk factors for kidney disease in T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Applied eGFR and albuminuria PRS from general population cohorts to 1,304 participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.
  • Assessed PRS associations with continuous eGFR, albuminuria (urine albumin excretion rate - AER), and incident kidney outcomes (eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m2, AER >30mg/24h, AER >300mg/24h).
  • Examined the association of rs55703767 in COL4A3 with kidney outcomes in T1D.

Main Results:

  • The eGFR PRS was significantly associated with higher eGFR and reduced risk of incident eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m2.
  • The albuminuria PRS was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident AER >30mg/24h.
  • rs55703767 was associated with lower incident macroalbuminuria, particularly in the conventional therapy group.

Conclusions:

  • Established PRS for eGFR and albuminuria in the general population are relevant to kidney measures in adults with T1D.
  • These findings suggest both shared genetic risk factors for kidney disease between T1D and the general population, and distinct genetic influences on eGFR and albuminuria within T1D.