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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles
09:00

Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles

Published on: November 3, 2010

Artificial Nuclear Pore Complexes with Exceptionally Selective Shuttle-Cargo Transport.

Jesper Medin1, Bagus Santoso1, Leyla Beckerman1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.

ACS Nano
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created artificial nuclear pore complexes using synthetic polymers. These artificial NPCs demonstrate selective transport of DNA cargo, mimicking cellular processes and offering new applications in nanotechnology.

Keywords:
nanoporesnuclear pore complexespoly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide)poly(methacrylic acid)polymer brushes, nucleic acidsselective transport

More Related Videos

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles
09:00

Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles

Published on: November 3, 2010

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates molecular transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
  • Artificial systems are being developed to mimic NPC transport for fundamental understanding and applications.
  • Achieving selective and efficient shuttle-cargo transport in synthetic systems remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop fully artificial NPCs using polymer complexation.
  • To demonstrate efficient and selective transport of cargo molecules through synthetic nanopores.
  • To explore potential applications of pH-switchable nanopore systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polymer brushes (poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide)) on solid-state nanopores.
  • Utilizing pH-dependent multivalent interactions with poly(methacrylic acid) for shuttle-cargo transport.
  • Conjugating DNA cargo strands to polymer shuttles for translocation experiments.

Main Results:

  • Artificial NPCs demonstrated efficient transport of polymer shuttles through the brush barrier (>1000 molecules per pore per second).
  • DNA cargo conjugated to polymer shuttles successfully translocated the nanopores, while free DNA could not.
  • Exceptional selectivity was observed, with no detectable leakage of unconjugated macromolecules.

Conclusions:

  • Heteromolecular polymer complexation provides a viable strategy for constructing functional artificial NPCs.
  • The developed system exhibits high selectivity and pH-switchable transport, mimicking biological transport mechanisms.
  • These artificial NPCs offer potential for advanced applications in molecular trapping and nanotechnology.