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Frameless Intraoperative CT-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stereotactic Accuracy
Matthan Tharakan1, Kishore Balasubramanian1,2, Rohan Aggarwal1
1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Introduction:
MRI-guided stereotaxy provides high accuracy but is limited by the need for an interventional/intraoperative MRI environment and associated workflow complexity. ClearPoint Software v3.0 extends an established stereotactic workflow to a conventional operating room using intraoperative CT (iCT) imaging. We aimed to evaluate stereotactic accuracy and operative metrics of the ClearPoint frameless iCT image-guided system for deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead implantation.
Methods:
We performed a multicenter retrospective review of consecutive DBS lead placement procedures supported by ClearPoint Neuro Navigation System Software Version 3.0 across 7 sites during a limited market release (February 1, 2025-May 1, 2025). Primary outcomes were radial targeting error (distance between planned trajectory endpoint and final device tip position in X-Y) and operative duration (skin incision to closure).
Results:
Twenty-three procedures were analyzed. Median age was 67 years (range 32-89). Most cases were bilateral (87%, n = 20). Targets included subthalamic nucleus (39%, n = 9), ventral intermediate nucleus (39%, n = 9), and globus pallidus internus (22%, n = 5). Targeting accuracy was high, with median radial error of 0.20 mm on the left (range 0-1.60) and 0.20 mm on the right (range 0-1.0). Median operative duration was 127 min (range 69-225). Median intraoperative scans were 6, and procedures required a median of 2 adjustments per side.
Conclusion:
In this first multi-institution report of ClearPoint Software v3.0 for DBS lead placement, the frameless iCT workflow demonstrated consistent submillimeter accuracy with favorable operative metrics in a standard operating room setting.
