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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Standardized Ileal Bladder Augmentation For Enterocystoplasty In Rats via Midline Laparotomy.

Alexander Studier-Fischer1, Lasse Maywald2, Paula Grützner2

  • 1Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg; Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital; Division of Intelligent Systems and Robotics in Urology (ISRU), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg; DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim; alexander@studier-fischer.com.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|June 29, 2026
PubMed

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a standardized rat enterocystoplasty protocol for bladder augmentation. The reproducible surgical method ensures tissue viability and offers a model for future research into bladder reconstruction complications.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Preclinical Research
  • Urology

Background:

  • Bladder augmentation with intestinal segments is crucial for patients with bladder dysfunction unresponsive to conservative treatments.
  • Current research is hindered by a lack of standardized, reproducible protocols for experimental enterocystoplasty.
  • A reliable preclinical model is needed to study surgical principles and potential complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a detailed, step-by-step protocol for rat enterocystoplasty.
  • To establish a standardized and reproducible surgical model for bladder augmentation research.
  • To validate tissue viability using hyperspectral imaging during the procedure.

Main Methods:

  • A midline laparotomy was performed on rats to expose the bladder and ileum.

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  • A vascularized, detubularized ileal segment was used as a pedicled flap for bladder augmentation.
  • Key steps included urinary diversion, pedicled flap isolation, and tension-free anastomosis, with emphasis on maintaining mesenteric perfusion and suture integrity.
  • Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used intraoperatively to assess tissue oxygenation and perfusion.

    • Main Results:

    • The protocol provides a reproducible method for rat enterocystoplasty, detailing critical surgical steps.
    • Intraoperative HSI confirmed preserved tissue oxygenation and perfusion in the ileal segment, supporting its viability.
    • The described technique ensures mesenteric perfusion, prevents pedicle torsion, and achieves watertight anastomosis.

    Conclusions:

    • This standardized rat enterocystoplasty protocol offers a reproducible experimental approach for bladder augmentation research.
    • The model facilitates future investigations into metabolic alterations, infection, mucus production, and dysplasia following bladder reconstruction.
    • The validated surgical technique supports the investigation of long-term outcomes in survival studies.