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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...

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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Characterization of genomic diversity in bacteriophages infecting Rhodococcus.

Dominic R Garza1, Daria L Di Blasi1, Karen K Klyczek2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers isolated and characterized 56 bacteriophages targeting Rhodococcus bacteria. Genomic analysis revealed diverse phage clusters and complex evolutionary relationships within Actinobacteriophage genomics.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and are abundant in diverse environments.
  • Rhodococcus species are Gram-positive bacteria with medical and industrial relevance.
  • Understanding bacteriophage diversity is crucial for phage therapy and microbial ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and perform bioinformatic characterization of novel bacteriophages targeting Rhodococcus species.
  • To analyze the genomic diversity and evolutionary relationships of these newly discovered phages.
  • To contribute to the expanding field of Actinobacteriophage genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of bacteriophages on two Rhodococcus spp.
  • Genome sequencing and size determination (43.9 kbp to 142 kbp).
  • Bioinformatic analysis including G+C content calculation (41.2% to 68.4%) and genome similarity clustering.

Main Results:

  • 56 bacteriophages were isolated and characterized, including lytic and temperate types.
  • Phages were grouped into six clusters and 16 singletons based on genomic similarity.
  • Some Rhodococcus phages showed closer relations to phages of non-Rhodococcus Actinobacteria hosts, indicating complex evolutionary histories.

Conclusions:

  • The study expands the genomic database of Actinobacteriophages.
  • The findings highlight the genetic diversity and intricate evolutionary pathways of Rhodococcus-infecting phages.
  • This research provides a foundation for future studies in phage-host interactions and phage-based applications.