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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Nickel Single-Atom Modified g-C3N4/TiO2 Heterojunctions for Sacrificial Reagent-Free CO2 Photoreduction.

Gonto Johns1, Xingxu Yan2, Xiaoqing Pan2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.

Chemsuschem
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel single-atom nickel catalyst on a g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction efficiently converts CO2 to CO without sacrificial agents. This advanced material shows significantly enhanced activity and selectivity for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Keywords:
carbon dioxide reductionphotocatalyst heterojunctionsacrificial reagent free‐systemsingle atom catalyst

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is crucial for mitigating climate change and producing valuable chemicals.
  • Developing efficient and selective photocatalysts for CO2 conversion remains a significant challenge.
  • Heterojunction photocatalysts offer enhanced charge separation and transfer properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel single-atom nickel catalyst integrated into a g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction for sacrificial-agent-free CO2-to-CO reduction.
  • To investigate the structure-activity relationship and the underlying photocatalytic mechanism.
  • To enhance the photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction decorated with single-atom nickel (Ni).
  • Characterization using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and transient absorption spectroscopy.
  • Photocatalytic evaluation for CO2 reduction to CO under simulated solar irradiation.

Main Results:

  • The optimized catalyst (0.78 wt% Ni, 46 wt% g-C3N4) achieved 70% selectivity for CO over H2.
  • A 16-fold enhancement in CO2 reduction activity was observed compared to bare g-C3N4/TiO2 and single-component Ni catalysts.
  • HRTEM confirmed intimate interfacial coupling and predominant Ni anchoring on g-C3N4 nanosheets.
  • XPS indicated electronic redistribution and strong electronic communication within the heterojunction.
  • EIS and photoluminescence studies revealed suppressed charge recombination.
  • Transient absorption spectroscopy identified Ni sites as efficient electron traps.

Conclusions:

  • The Ni-Nx moieties on g-C3N4 act as active sites for CO2-to-CO conversion.
  • An S-scheme charge-transfer pathway facilitates efficient charge separation and utilization.
  • The single-atom Ni/g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction is a highly promising photocatalyst for selective CO2 reduction.