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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
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Ultralong-Life Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery with Low Polybromide Shuttle and Stable Zinc Interface.

Wei Wang1, Shao-Jian Zhang1, Junnan Hao1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Acetylcholine (ACh+) additive significantly enhances zinc-bromine flow batteries by preventing polybromide shuttle and dendrite formation. This breakthrough extends battery life over 80-fold, paving the way for grid-scale energy storage.

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Zinc-bromine (Zn-Br) flow batteries offer safe, low-cost, and scalable grid energy storage.
  • Key limitations include polybromide shuttle (cathode) and zinc dendrites/hydrogen evolution (anode).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a dual-functional electrolyte additive, acetylcholine (ACh+), to overcome Zn-Br flow battery limitations.
  • To enhance cycling stability and lifespan for grid-scale applications.

Main Methods:

  • Bidomain engineering strategy using acetylcholine (ACh+) as an electrolyte additive.
  • Investigated ACh+ complexation with polybromides and its effect on the Zn anode interface.

Main Results:

  • ACh+ inhibited cathode polybromide shuttle by increasing polybromide molecular size.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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  • ACh+ suppressed anode zinc dendrites and hydrogen evolution reactions by forming a water-depleted interface.
  • Extended battery cycling life by nearly 80-fold (80 to >6400 cycles).
  • Achieved cumulative plating capacity of 128 Ah cm⁻².

    • Conclusions:

    • Dual-function electrolyte design with ACh+ is a viable strategy for high-rate, long-life Zn-Br flow batteries.
    • This approach addresses critical challenges for grid-scale energy storage applications.