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Studying Surfactant Effects on Hydrate Crystallization at Oil-Water Interfaces Using a Low-Cost Integrated Modular Peltier Device
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Surfactant-Mediated Crystallization Patterns in Evaporating Saline Droplets: A Segment Anything Model 2-Based

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Controlling salt and surfactant concentrations precisely tunes crystal patterns in evaporating droplets, crucial for advanced printing and coatings. Different surfactants offer varying control over these deposition patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Controlling deposition patterns from evaporating droplets is vital for applications such as inkjet printing and functional coatings.
  • Understanding the interplay between salts and surfactants is key to manipulating these patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To decipher the coupled regulation of salt and surfactants on evaporation-driven crystallization of sessile saline droplets.
  • To systematically investigate four surfactant-salt systems and their impact on crystallization patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) for quantitative dynamics analysis.
  • Investigated four surfactant-NaCl systems (Tween 80, CAPB, CTAB, SCG) across a full concentration matrix.
  • Introduced a crystal area radial distribution coefficient (M) to classify patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct crystallization patterns: ring-like (M ≤ 0.4), uniform discrete (0.4 < M < 0.6), and central aggregation (M ≥ 0.6).
  • Demonstrated that pattern formation is governed by capillary and Marangoni flows, with strong salt-surfactant concentration coupling.
  • Showcased differential pattern tunability among surfactants; Tween, CAPB, and CTAB allow evolution, while SCG exhibits robustness, forming stable ring-like deposits.
  • Observed surfactant-induced diversification of evaporation pathways and enhanced nucleation density with refined crystal size.

Conclusions:

  • Synergistic regulation of salt and surfactant combinations offers quantitative control over crystallization patterns.
  • Mechanistic insights into flow dynamics and surfactant effects provide a foundation for designing advanced functional materials and processes.
  • The study provides novel analytical methods and insights for precise control in droplet-based applications.