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Dissociable patterns of alpha-band connectivity and structural-functional coupling in major depressive disorder with

Tingting Xiong1, Yujue Wang2, Yi Xia1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Major depressive disorder with mixed features (DMF) shows distinct brain activity patterns compared to non-mixed features (nDMF). These differences in alpha band connectivity and structural-functional coupling may help refine diagnoses.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder with mixed features (DMF) is a clinically recognized subtype.
  • The electrophysiological underpinnings of DMF remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate subtype-specific alterations in resting-state alpha band oscillations between DMF and major depressive disorder without mixed features (nDMF).
  • Examine the relationship between these oscillations and white matter structure.
  • Correlate neuroimaging findings with clinical features.

Main Methods:

  • Collected resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 197 participants (86 healthy controls, 35 DMF, 76 nDMF).
  • Analyzed alpha band functional connectivity and structural-functional (SC-FC) coupling.
  • Assessed the relationship of neuroimaging metrics with clinical symptoms.

Main Results:

  • DMF patients exhibited higher alpha-band connectivity (SMA.R-ACC.R) and unique SC-FC coupling (ACC.L) correlated with hypomanic symptoms.
  • nDMF patients showed higher connectivity (SMA.R-TPOmid.R) compared to both DMF and HC groups.
  • Both patient groups displayed increased connectivity (SMA.R-SPG.R) versus controls.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support DMF as a neurobiologically distinct subtype.
  • Characterized by dissociable patterns of alpha band connectivity and SC-FC coupling.
  • Provides a multimodal framework for refining diagnostic precision in depressive disorders.
Keywords:
Alpha oscillationsMagnetoencephalographyMajor depressive disorderMixed featuresSC-FC coupling

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